Zoology XII+ - Human Reproduction 15

Question : 1

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Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. It involves the following few steps.

A. Release of ACTH from anterior lobe of pituitary.
B. Release of androgen from foetal adrenal cortex.
C. Action of corticotropic releasing hormone on anterior pituitary of foetus.
D. Conversion of androgen to estrogen.
E. Release of prostaglandins and oxytocin.

Mark the correct sequence of events happening during parturition.

Options:

	C → A → B → D → E
	C → B → A → D → E
	D → C → A → B → E
	D → A → C → E → B

Solution :

(1)

Increasing in CRH acts on adrenal cortex of anterior pituitary of foetus which releases ACTH. This ACTH acts on adrenal cortex and it releases glucocorticoids and sexcorticoids (androgen). Placenta has tendency to convert androgen to estrogens and in response to this mild contraction of uterus starts by the increase of prostaglandins.

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Question : 2

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Signal for child birth originates from

Options:

	Fully mature foetus
	Placenta
	Hypothalamus of foetus
	Both (1) & (2)

Solution :

(4)

Signal for parturition originates from the fully developed foetus and the placenta which induces mild uterine contractions.

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Question : 3

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Foetal ejection reflex triggers

Options:

	Release of oxytocin from foetal posterior pituitary
	Release of oxytocin from mothers posterior pituitary
	Release of oxytocin from placenta
	Release of corticotropic releasing hormone from placenta

Solution :

(2)

Foetal ejection reflex triggers release of oxytocin from meternal pituitary.

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Question : 4

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If the pregnant female is unable to take sufficiently strong labour pains, which hormone is induced to cause stronger uterine contractions?

Options:

	Progesterone
	Oxytocin
	Estrogen
	Glucocorticoids

Solution :

(2)

Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contraction which in turn further stimulates secretion of oxytocin.

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Question : 5

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Parturition occurs in different phases. Which of the following phase involves in the rupturing of amniotic bag that results in release of amniotic fluid to lubricate birth canal?

Options:

	Expulsion phase
	Dilation phase
	After birth
	Decidua phase

Solution :

(2)

In dilation phase cervix part is completely dilated that breaks cervical plug along with amniotic bag.

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Question : 6

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The major switch over in the pattern of blood circulation of the baby following parturition may fail, if there is insufficient synthesis of

Options:

	Relaxin
	Nitric oxide
	Oxytocin
	Prostaglandins

Solution :

(2)

Nitric oxide dilates the pulmonary artery so that blood starts flowing to the lungs.

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Question : 7

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Following is the diagrammatic sectional view of mammary gland. Find the correct marking

                   

             A                                 B                             C                              D

(1) Adipose                       Mammary alveoli        Mammary lobe           Lactiferous duct

(2) Fat                              Mammary lobe           Mammary duct           Lactiferous duct

(3) Mammary  lobe            Mammary  alveoli       Lactiferous duct          Ampulla
 
(4) Mammary alveoli          Mammary lobe           Ampulla                      Lactiferous  duct
 

Options:

	1
	2
	3
	4

Solution :

(2)

A – Fats
B – Mammary lobe
C – Mammary duct
D – Lactiferous duct

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Question : 8

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Breast feeding during the initial period of infant growth is recommended by doctors for bringing up healthy baby as it contains

Options:

	High lactose, Fe
	Low fats
	Lactoalbumin and casein
	Rich in antibodies

Solution :

(4)

The milk produced during initial few days of lactation is called clostrum which contains several antibodies absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new born baby.

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Question : 9

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Lactiferous ducts emerge independently from each lobe and opens into nipple which has

Options:

	Single opening
	15-20 opening
	30-40 openings
	2-3 openings

Solution :

(1)

Each lactiferous duct opens independently into nipple of mammary gland.

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Question : 10

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If mother does not feed her baby, there is inhibition of further milk production. This autocrine action thus match supply with demand. This action is due to presence of

Options:

	Growth inhibition hormone
	Milk inhibitory peptide
	Gastric inhibitory peptide
	Excess of oxytocin

Solution :

(2)

Milk inhibitory peptides block lactiferous ducts by coagulating milk whereas oxytocin is responsible for release of milk from mammary glands.